What has caused global incidence of diabetes1diabetes糖尿病，一种以高血糖为特征的代谢疾病，患者体内无法分泌足量胰岛素，血液中葡萄糖水平升高，导致各种组织，特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害和功能障碍。to more than double since 2000? The obvious answer is unhealthy diet, sedentary2sedentary在工作或活动中久坐；也指人不爱运动，长时间坐着。lifestyle and the resulting obesity—one of the main risk factors behind the disease.

2 The number of people living in urban areas now surpasses those in rural settings, and two-thirds of the world’s 415m diabetics are city dwellers.

3 A research report led by University College London sheds light on the“risk cocktail” linking the disease with city range from increased junk food consumption and lack of safe spaces for exercise to social isolation and economic inequalities.

4 David Napier, professor of medical anthropology3医学人类学，属于医学应用学科，是人类学的一个分支，以病人对疾病的社会心理反应为重心，而不是以疾病本身为重心，主要关注生病行为，即病人对疾病的社会心理反应。at UCL, said that, by focusing on medical factors, traditional research had failed to capture “the social and cultural drivers” that made urban populations especially vulnerable to type 2 diabetes42型糖尿病，原名成人发病型糖尿病，患者多在35～40岁之后发病，占糖尿病患者90%以上。2型糖尿病患者体内产生胰岛素的能力并非完全丧失，有的患者体内胰岛素甚至产生过多，但胰岛素的作用效果较差，因此患者体内的胰岛素呈相对缺乏，可通过某些口服药物刺激体内胰岛素分泌，但后期仍有一些病人需要使用胰岛素治疗。—the type often linked to obesity.

自2000年以来，全球糖尿病发病率增长了一倍以上，原因何在？答案显而易见：饮食不健康，久坐不动以及由此造成的肥胖——此为诱发糖尿病的元凶之一。

2 目前，全球城市居民人数已超过农村，而全世界4.15亿糖尿病患者中有三分之二是城市居民。

3 由伦敦大学学院（UCL）牵头撰写的一份研究报告点明了将城市生活与糖尿病相关联的“混合型风险因素”。这些因素形形色色，涵盖很广，既包括垃圾食品消费增加、可供锻炼的安全场所缺乏，也包括社会隔绝和经济发展不均衡。

5 The proportion of people living in cities increased from 30 per cent in 1950 to 54 per cent in 2014, according to the UN, with a forecast for it to reach two-thirds by 2050 as countries such as China and India rapidly industrialise.

6 Prof Napier said policymakers and urban planners must come up with strategies to promote healthier living if the exodus5exodus指（人）大批离去、成群外出。from the countryside was not to accelerate the growth of diabetes and other chronic conditions such as heart disease and cancer.

7 Around the world, about one in 11 adults on average have diabetes, and three-quarters of them are in developing countries, according to data published by the International Diabetes Federation6国际糖尿病联合会（简称IDF），1949年6月成立于比利时布鲁塞尔，旨在组织和指导各会员机构开展对糖尿病的防治研究及教育，传播有关糖尿病的正确信息，采取行动改善患者的物质条件，提高社会福利。.The total number is forecast to rise from 415m to 642m by 2040.

4 UCL医学人类学教授戴维·纳皮尔认为，糖尿病传统研究只关注医学方面的因素，忽视了导致城市居民尤其容易罹患2型糖尿病的“社会文化因素”。2型糖尿病多与肥胖有关。

5 联合国数据显示，城市居民人口占世界总人口的比例已从1950年的30%上升到2014年的54%，随着中国、印度等国家的快速工业化，到2050年，城市人口占世界总人口比重预计将达到2/3。

6 纳皮尔教授指出，政策制定者和城市规划者必须提出促进居民健康生活的策略，防止糖尿病及心脏病和癌症等慢性疾病的发病率因农村人口涌入城市而加速升高。

7 国际糖尿病联合会公布的数据显示，全世界平均每11名成年人中就有1人患有糖尿病，其中3/4的患者来自发展中国家。到2040年，全球糖尿病患病总人数预计将从4.15亿增长到6.42亿。

8 This trend is exacting7exact使付出代价，造成不良后果。a heavy human and economic , which causes a person’s blood sugar to become too high, requires life-long treatment and, if uncontrolled, can lead to heart attack, stroke, eye problems and disease accounts for 12 per cent of global health expenditure, at about $ figure is forecast to top8top超过某一特定数量。$800bn by 2040.

9 The UCL research was based on interviews with diabetics and those at risk of the disease in five cities—Copenhagen, Houston, Mexico City, Shanghai and Tianjin—taking part in a global project to develop policies to break the link between diabetes and urbanisation.

文章来源：《糖尿病新世界》 网址: http://www.tnbxsj.cn/qikandaodu/2020/0814/425.html